美国公司LLC,LLP,INC,COR...的区别 - 北美市场 - 福步外贸论坛(FOB Busine...

来自 : bbs.fobshanghai.com/thread-156 发布时间：2021-03-24

定义Definition:
是一个州政府注册组织最完善的独立法人。商业行为明文制限于公司法。有C-Corporation和S-Corporation两种。
This state chartered organization acts as a separate legal entity and is the most structured business entity. Business activities are restricted to those
listed in the corporate charter. Corporations may elect to file as a C-Corporation or S-Corporation.
C-corporation –根据收入需付联邦及州税。当利润交给股东，股东申报个人税时再次需付收入税。双重克税为其最大缺点。
pays federal and state income taxes on earnings. When the earnings are distributed to the shareholders as dividends, the earnings are taxed again. Double
taxation is a big drawback of C-corporations.
S-corporation -法律特色如同C-Corporation，但不需直接付税，只要申报收入付个人税即可。
have the same legal attributes as the C-corporation, however, the corporation does not pay income taxes on earnings, rather, the shareholder pays income tax
on dividends on their personal income tax return.
S corporation需另符合下列几项条件:
S corporation owners (shareholders) must meet the following criteria:
拥有人（股东）少于100人Number fewer than 100
拥有人（股东）不可是非永久居民外国人Cannot be non-resident aliens
拥有人（股东）不可是其他法定公司、有限责任公司、合伙公司或信托Cannot be C corporations, other S corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs),
partnerships or certain trusts.
优点Advantages:
拥有人只需对已投资之股票负责。公司存在不受任何拥有人之死亡或股票转让所影响。除公司章程另注，法定公司享有永久存在之特性。因是一个独立法人，有限合伙公司可拥有财产、告人、或被告。
Liability is limited to the amount owners have paid into their share of stock, and the corporation\'s continuity is unaffected by the death or transfer of
shares by any of the owners. Corporations have perpetual continuity unless otherwise specified in Certificate of Incorporation. As a separate legal entity,
corporations may own property, sue, and be sued in corporate name.
缺点Disadvantages:繁杂记录保持，严格规定，双重付税。
Extensive record keeping, close regulation, and double taxations.
有限责任公司Limited Liability Company (LLC)

定义Definition:
是一个独立法人，介于合伙公司和法定公司，拥有法定公司的有限责任，和个人或合伙公司的税法。有限责任公司的拥有人称为成员。 A separate legal entity, the LLC is a
hybrid between a partnership and a corporation, combining the limited liability advantage of a corporation with the tax status of a sole proprietor or
partnership. Owners of the LLC are called members.
优点Advantages:
如同合伙公司，有限责任公司有营运协议。有限责任公司可由一位或更多成员组成。
Similar to the partnership entities, the LLC is governed by an operating agreement.The LLC may be formed by one or more members.
因是一个独立法人，有限合伙公司可拥有财产、告人、或被告。
As a separate legal entity, LLC\'s may own property, sue, and be sued in LLC\'s name.
由有限责任公司成员所选出之管理人可以是个人或其他法人。
Managers of an LLC as elected by the members may be in the form of a person or other entity.
除公司结构程另注，有限责任公司享有法定公司永久存在之特性。
Unless otherwise specified by the Articles of Organization, LLC\'s enjoy perpetual continuity similarly as in a corporation.
缺点Disadvantages:
因是一个独立法人，有限责任公司比一般合伙公司或个人公司需更多法律文件。
Since a LLC is a legal entity, the formation of a LLC requires more legal documentation than in a general partnership or sole proprietorship
有限责任合伙公司Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

定义Definition:
是一个独立法人，可保护所有一般合伙人。通常适用于专业人士。与LLC法律责任相似，但又像合伙公司一样不需直接付公司税。
A separate legal entity, an LLP provides liability protection for all general partners as well as management rights in the business. Most commonly used in
professional practices, an LLP offers, in most cases, the same limited liability enjoyed by a corporation, but at the same time it is a flow-through entity.
优点Advantages:
一个独立法人，且有限合伙人对所投资金额负责，不需负其他责任。每个合伙人所得之公司利润可直接申报个人税。
LLP’s provide a legal structure to the establishment of the business. From a capital investment standpoint, limited partners are shielded from the liability
in that their liability is dependent upon the amount of capital invested. In addition, dividends distributed to all partners are reported on the partners’
personal income tax return.
有限责任合伙公司协议不需注明到期日期。
As in any partnership, a LLP must draft a partnership agreement, which governs how the business is operated. There is no requirement to set a termination
date of the partnership agreement.
因是一个独立法人，有限合伙公司可拥有财产、告人、或被告。
As a separate legal entity, LLP’s may own property, sue, and be sued in LLP’s name.
缺点Disadvantages:
因是一个独立法人，有限责任合伙公司比一般合伙公司需更多法律文件。
Since a LLP is a legal entity, the formation of a LLP requires more legal documentation than in a general partnership.
公司随拥有任何一合伙人离开而自动结束。
If a LLP drops or loses a partner, the business is automatically deemed dissolved.
参考 元大律师事务所博客（http://yuandalaw.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html）
各国公司后缀可参考：http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/thread-1265603-1-285.html
[ 本帖最后由 otto.sun 于 2008-12-18 17:48 编辑 ]